- 3Media Capabilities with Motherboards and Laptops
- 3.3USB Card Readers
Selain Virtualbox, kita juga dapat menggunakan tools simulator jaringan yang lebih kompleks dengan GNS3 atau NetBrain. Mungkin akan saya bahas dilain waktu. NB: Tujuan menggunakan Mikrotik di Virtualbox ini adalah semata-mata untuk pembelajaran.
The latest version of RouterOS (starting from v3.0rc5) has support for booting from USB devices added.This new feature allows you to test how your PC would work as a router. Also it could be a good option to run the RouterOS from USB with the newest version to test out how well it is performing. It means that you can install the RouterOS on the USB flash/drive.
To install the RouterOS on the USB you can use CD-Install or Netinstall from the latest versions of the RouterOS (starting form v3.0rc5). Also it is possible to attach that USB drive to a Windows computer and copy the RouterOS installation files using Netinstall to the USB drive and when booting this USB drive it would install the RouterOS on it.
Since there are lot of USB media types, below are notes for most of that which have been tested.
USB hard drive
USB Flash Stick
On Gigabyte GA-8I945P-G-RH motherboard that are using (945 chipset) you need to go in the BIOS and specify to boot the from the USB-HDD. If you have another hard drive installed in the same PC then you should also specify the boot priority. For the Gigabyte motherboard in the BIOS it gives two options regular harddrive that you have installed and Bootable add-in drives. You should specify the Bootable add-in cards. After the first reboot if it didn't boot from the usb drive, you need to reboot once more and go into the same section and there you will see a new boot option - the usb flash drive name.
USB Card Readers
Not only USB flash/drives can be uses, also USB card readers can be used. In these USB Card readers you can plug any media (CF, SD, xD, etc) and use that as a bootable device to run RouterOS. But there could be problems with these Card readers as sometimes it is not recognized as a bootable device in BIOS - such thing happened on the Intel DG965WH motherboard (965 chipset), but it worked on Gigabyte GA-8I945P-G-RH motherboard (945 chipset). It could be because of the motherboard BIOS and that shouldn't affect the regular USB flash/drives.
Additional Notes
The booting support for the USB drives is the part of the BIOS, so if your motherboards BIOS doesn't allow to boot from that drive you might try to upgrade the BIOS of the motherboard.
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< Manual:System
Applies to RouterOS: v6.20 < v6.xx
- 2Examples
Summary
Sub-menu:
/disk
Since v6.20 release, attached storage is now managed in '/disk' sub-menu, instead of previous '/store disk' menu.
- This menu will list all attached storage devices, presuming that they are supported and in working condition.
- As a note, Webproxy and User manager stores as now shown as directories in '/files menu'. When configuring webproxy cache or usermanager database you will now be asked to write in the actual full path of the directory where you want these stores to be created.
This is especially useful for RouterBOARD devices with SD/CF/USB slots and x86 systems with additional dedicated storage drives - as the built-in storage is quite small, an external drive comes in very handy when you want a big User Manager database, proxy cache or possibly SMB shares on your router.
You can add as many external or secondary drives as you want, and select any number of them for each of the mentioned feature usage. For example User Manager could be used on 3 disks, one of them would be the active database, and the rest would be backups. You can then add a fourth disk, copy the active data to it - unmount - unplug it - and move to another server, to keep using the actual database. This means migration and backup made easy!
Note: If you are still running older release than v6.20 please check this article: article for more info on Stores in v6.19 and older releases.
Note: Max supported partition size in RouterOS is 2TB and larger hard disk drives will not work. Except on CCR routers (Tile architecture) it is possible to use larger HDD in RouterOS if it is formatted with multiple partitions each smaller than 2TB.
Examples
Formatting attached storage unit - Simple
1. Disk is attached, and already mounted automatically by system.
2. Unmounting storage drive in order to format it.
3. Formatting the disk, in either of two supported file-systems (ext3 or fat32).
4. It's done! Drive is formatted and should be automatically mounted after formatting process is finished.
Formatting attached storage unit - Detailed
Let us presume that you have added a storage device to your device that is running RouterOS. System will try to automatically mount it and in such case if storage is formatted in a supportedfile-system and partition record, it will be found in '/files' menu moments after you plugged it in to the host device.
If not, here is what you have to do.
1. Do a quick print of disk menu, to make sure that router sees the attached storage.
We can here see that system sees one storage drive and also that it is formatted with a known file-system type.
When running file menu print-out we also see that is mounted.
2. Now to format it we must first unmount it. To do that we need to issue the command that is pasted below. Note that you can use disk 'id' or 'name' for this task. ID number is usable only after the print command on the specific menu has been issued and presuming that the order or count has not changed, as that would also possibly change the id.OR this disk name identifier which in this example case would be
'NO NAME'. Name can be used without issuing print as that is a static value and should not change unless changed manually by you.
In short: using the ID number of the disk is easy, but printout of this menu must be done first.
In short: using name, quicker if you know the device name. But ' needs to be added if this value contains spaces or some symbols that might confuse console.
3. Formatting drive now that it is unmounted. We issue command with previously know id or name and with desired file-system (ext3 or fat32), we can also assign label to device as I did in this example.
Note: In printout you can see that there is progress percentage counter in formatting process. For larger storage drives it might take longer for this process to finish, so be patient. For this 8GB flash that I used it took about half a minute to finish formatting it on RB2011 router model. On some other devices with different cpu model it might take shorter or longer time to finish this process.
Note: For really large storage drives we recommend (if possible) to use some pc in order to format them prior to attaching them to your RouterOS based device.
Web-Proxy cache configuration example
Enter proxy cache path under IP -> Proxy menu and web proxy store is automatically created in files menu. If a non-existent directory path is used, an additional sub-directory is also created automatically.
User manager database path configuration example
Example is made presuming that rest of configuration is in place and you are just changing/setting user-man database path. If a non-existent directory path is used, an additional sub-directory is also created automatically.
User manager moving database example
In this example, the User Manager instance has been installed on the System Drive and is required to be moved to a typical external USB drive (called 'disk1'). (It is recommended USB Drives are formatted to ext3 instead of FAT32). The database is backed up, data base path changed and finally database restored. Once User Manager is proven to be working correctly, the original 'user-manager' folder and associated files on the system drive could then be deleted.
Log on disk configuration example
When configuring logging on disk make sure that you create directories in which you want to store the log files manually, as non-existent directories will NOT be automatically created in this case.
Note: Logging topics such as firewall, web-proxy and some other topics that tend to save a large amount or rapid printing of logs on system nand disk might cause it to wear out faster, so using some attached storage or remote logging is recommended in this case.
Properties
Property | Description |
---|---|
eject-drive (Integer; Default: ) | Safely unmounts (ejects) drive of your selection by using drive ID or NAME that is assigned to it. After issuing this command it can be removed from host device. If drive is sata/etc on x86, device must be previously also shut down or hot-plug for sata interfaces must be enabled in bios if such feature is supported. |
format-drive () | Command to initiate disk formatting process. Contains additional properties of its own. Such as 'file-system' and 'label'.
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